UNESCO Listed Sites in the World

Every year, UNESCO holds meetings to decide which new places will be added to its prestigious list of World Heritage Sites.

To be chosen, a location or structure must hold significant cultural, historical, or natural importance. Famous examples include Angkor Wat in Cambodia, the Great Barrier Reef in Australia, and Machu Picchu in Peru. This year, the committee announced 24 new sites, including the Frontiers of the Roman Empire in Romania, Nelson Mandela Legacy sites in South Africa, Sado Island Gold Mines in Japan, and the Flow Country in Scotland.

Below, you will find the UNESCO listed sites new additions for 2024, along with some of the most stunning entries from the past. Each site is as beautiful and unique as the last, so get ready to explore!

History and Background of World Heritage Sites

Concerns over the loss of cultural and natural monuments led to the development of the World Heritage concept after World War II. This inspired the 1972 World Heritage Convention, which established a framework for protecting unique assets across the world.

The Convention specifies the criteria for sites that are eligible for inclusion on the World Heritage List. By adhering to this Convention, member countries pledge to safeguard not just their national history but also humanity's collective heritage.

Currently, there are 1,172 World Heritage Sites in 166 countries, with 913 cultural, 220 natural, and 39 combined properties designated for having outstanding universal significance.

Key Aspects of the World Heritage Convention

• The Convention defines cultural and natural heritage that is important not just to one nation but to the world, emphasizing the need for global conservation.

• Countries that sign the Convention must protect their World Heritage Sites, ensuring their preservation for future generations.

• A committee is established to manage the World Heritage List. Sites proposed by countries are reviewed by expert advisory bodies before being officially listed.

• The Convention connects heritage conservation to sustainable development goals, promoting a balanced approach to preserving cultural and natural sites while supporting local communities.

• The funds, contributed by member countries, provide financial assistance for the preservation of World Heritage Sites.

• The Convention creates a framework for countries to work together and legally commit to protecting shared heritage across the globe.

The Newest UNESCO World Heritage Sites for 2024

• Badain Jaran Desert- Towers of Sand and Lakes (China)

• Beijing Central Axis- A Building Ensemble Exhibiting the Ideal Order of the Chinese Capital (China)

• Brâncuși Monumental Ensemble of Târgu Jiu (Romania)

• Cultural Landscape of Kenozero Lake (Russian Federation)

• Frontiers of the Roman Empire- Dacia (Romania)

• Hegmataneh (Iran (Islamic Republic of))

• Human Rights, Liberation and Reconciliation- Nelson Mandela Legacy Sites (South Africa)

• Lençóis Maranhenses National Park (Brazil)

• Melka Kunture and Balchit- Archaeological and Palaeontological Sites in the Highland Area of Ethiopia (Ethiopia)

• Moidams- the Mound- Burial System of the Ahom Dynasty (India)

• Phu Phrabat, a testimony to the Sīma stone tradition of the Dvaravati period (Thailand)

• Royal Court of Tiébélé (Burkina Faso)

• Sado Island Gold Mines (Japan)

• Saint Hilarion Monastery/ Tell Umm Amer (State of Palestine)

• Schwerin Residence Ensemble (Germany)

• Te Henua Enata- The Marquesas Islands (France)

• The Archaeological Heritage of Niah National Park’s Caves Complex (Malaysia)

• The Cultural Landscape of Al-Faw Archaeological Area (Saudi Arabia)

• The Emergence of Modern Human Behaviour- The Pleistocene Occupation Sites of South Africa (South Africa)

• The Flow Country (United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland)

• The Historic Town and Archaeological Site of Gedi (Kenya)

• Umm Al-Jimāl (Jordan)

• Via Appia. Regina Viarum- Queen of Roads (Italy)

• Vjetrenica Cave, Ravno (Bosnia and Herzegovina)

The Most Stunning UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the World

1. Lençóis Maranhenses National Park, Brazil

This magnificent landscape was added to the list in 2024 because of its gorgeous lagoons, sugar-white dunes (the largest in South America), jagged shoreline, and vast plains that stretch endlessly. The lagoons fill with rainwater, making the area especially beautiful after a hard storm when they are at their peak. This protected area is especially crucial for wildlife conservation, with neighboring mangrove wetlands and attractive cities.

2. Volcanoes and forests of Mount Pelée, Martinique

The Caribbean island of Martinique, located between St. Lucia and Dominica is recognized for one of the deadliest volcanic eruptions of the 20th century. The Mount Pelée volcano erupted in 1902, destroying the city of Saint Pierre. Today, the area is home to numerous near-endangered species, including the Martinique Volcano Frog, Lacépède's Ground Snake, and the unique Martinique Oriole.

3. Tr'ondëk-Klondike, Canada

Tr'ondëk-Klondike is an ancient site on the Yukon River in northwest Canada. This area once was home to the Tr'ondëk Hwëch'in, a First Nation government, and represents their resistance to colonization at the end of the 19th century. Archaeological and historical sites are across the area, illustrating how Indigenous people navigated the Klondike Gold Rush.

4. Maison Carrée, Nîmes, France

This ancient Roman temple, constructed over 2,000 years ago in 2 A.D., is dedicated to two sons of Augustus, who died at young ages. Renowned for its amazing preservation, it is one of the best-preserved Roman Empire temples, displaying architectural grandeur.

5. Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas, India

A unique style of architecture emerged during the Hoysala Empire of India from the 10th to the 14th centuries, leaving a significant historical legacy. The Sacred Ensembles of the Hoysalas include three remarkable temples from this era, featuring intricate stone carvings, multi-tiered structures, and stunning sculptures that embellish the buildings.

6. Kuldiga, Latvia

Nestled in Latvia’s lush landscape of lakes, forests, and rolling greenery, this charming Eastern European town boasts picturesque cobblestone streets that follow the banks of the Aleksupite River. With a lovely beach and a scenic waterfall, it serves as an ideal base for exploring the beautiful Baltic States.

7. Forest Massif, Congo

Forest Massif, located in Congo's Odzala-Kokoua, is regarded as one of the world's most diversified ecological hot spots. It is a crucial sanctuary for forest elephants in Central Africa. However, in recent years, forest fires and deforestation have posed severe threats to this sensitive environment.

8. Eise Eisinga Planetarium, Franeker, Netherlands

The Eise Eisinga Planetarium in Franeker, Netherlands, is the world's oldest functioning planetarium, now recognized as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Built in the 18th century around 1780, it features a stunning royal blue orrery and an intricate model of the solar system, showcasing the brilliance of early astronomical design.

9. Deer Stone Monuments and related Bronze Age sites, Mongolia

Scattered throughout Mongolia, the Deer Stone Monuments are enigmatic ancient artworks from the Bronze Age. Believed to serve as gravestones, these stones are frequently arranged in circles, suggesting their use in rituals as well. Their intricate carvings and historical significance provide a fascinating glimpse into Mongolia’s prehistoric culture.

10. Zagori cultural landscape, Greece

In the northwest corner of Greece lies the stunning Zagori cultural landscape, renowned for its picturesque villages known as Zagorochoria. Nestled around the Pindus mountain range, these small communities highlight the ingenuity of ancient populations in adapting to challenging terrains. The area beautifully reflects traditional architecture and harmonious living with nature.

11. Sítio Roberto Burle Marx, Brazil

Sítio Roberto Burle Marx, situated in western Rio de Janeiro, is a remarkable botanical garden featuring over 3,500 plant species. Created over 40 years by landscape architect and artist Roberto Burle Marx, it is celebrated as the first modern tropical garden to be added to the World Heritage List, showcasing innovative landscaping and design.

12. The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana, Slovenia

Jože Plečnik's architectural masterpieces are seen across Ljubljana, Slovenia. Plečnik's inventive designs for public places, buildings, and green areas helped shape Slovenia's strong identity from World War I to World War II. Notable works include the Triple Bridge, Žale Cemetery, National and University Library, and the covered market along the Ljubljanica River, all reflects the distinct vision and devotion to the city's culture.

13. Cordouan Lighthouse, France

The Cordouan Lighthouse is a recognizable sight rising from the Gironde estuary in southwest France. Built in the late 16th century, this beautiful white limestone building with gargoyles is still a functioning lighthouse today. Visitors may take arranged boat tours from the commune of Royan to see the architectural elements up close. During low tide, a sandbar allows brave visitors to go straight up to the lighthouse, providing a unique opportunity to explore this historical landmark.

14. Quanzhou, China

Quanzhou, China, is home to 22 historical sites and monuments that highlight its significance as a major port along the Maritime Silk Roads from the 10th to the 14th centuries AD. This vibrant city attracted merchants and explorers, including Marco Polo, from around the world, showcasing a rich tapestry of cultures and religions. Evidence of this coexistence is reflected in its diverse landmarks, which include Islamic tombs, Taoist statues, and Buddhist temples, making Quanzhou a fascinating destination for history enthusiasts and cultural explorers alike.

15. The Great Spa Towns of Europe

The Great Spa Towns of Europe include 11 towns spread across seven countries namely: Baden bei Wien (Austria), Spa (Belgium), Františkovy Lázně (Czech Republic), Karlovy Vary (Czech Republic), Mariánské Lázně (Czech Republic), Vichy (France), Bad Ems (Germany), Baden-Baden (Germany), Bad Kissingen (Germany), Montecatini Terme (Italy), and the City of Bath (United Kingdom). Each of these towns grew around natural mineral water springs, showcasing the European spa culture that flourished from the early 18th century to the 1930s.

16. As-Salt, Jordan

As-Salt, Jordan, is believed to have been inhabited since the Iron Age and served as a major trading hub on the East Bank of the Jordan River. The town flourished towards the end of the Ottoman period, attracting craftsmen and farmers from neighboring areas who helped transform it into a vibrant town. The urban core of As-Salt features approximately 650 significant historic buildings, reflecting its rich heritage. Today, farmers still utilize the area's fertile soil to cultivate grapes and olives, continuing the agricultural traditions that have been part of the region for centuries.

17. Taj Mahal, India

The Taj Mahal is an ivory-white marble mausoleum located on the banks of the Yamuna River in Agra, India. Built by Mughal Emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his beloved wife, Mumtaz Mahal, it stands as an iconic symbol of love, showcasing the stunning beauty of Mughal architecture.3

18. Southern Islands, Japan

The Southern Islands of Japan covers 165 sq. miles in the southwest region and includes Amami-Oshima Island, Tokunoshima Island, the northern part of Okinawa Island, and Iriomote Island. Recently designated as UNESCO World Heritage Sites, these areas are unoccupied by humans, greatly enhancing their biodiversity. Also, this island is home to endangered mammals, reptiles, birds, and unique plants, these islands will benefit from this international recognition and protection.

19. Nice, France

Nice, France, has been recognized by UNESCO as the Winter Resort Town of the Riviera, making it one of the most notable additions this year. In the early 19th century, the city became a favored vacation destination for English and Russian aristocrats due to its pleasant warm winter weather. The UNESCO designation ensures strict controls on urban development along the Promenade des Anglais and the old town, safeguarding the city's rich heritage for future generations.

20. Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex, Thailand

The Kaeng Krachan Forest Complex, located along the Thailand-Myanmar border, is a vast area rich in tropical vegetation and biodiversity. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to endangered species, including the Siamese Crocodile, Asian Elephant, Asian Giant Tortoise, and Asiatic Wild Dog. Additionally, it hosts eight wild cat species, featuring various leopards and tigers, making it a critical habitat for wildlife conservation.

21. Church of Atlántida, Uruguay

The Church of Atlántida, situated approximately 30 miles east of Montevideo, is an architectural gem designed by Uruguayan engineer Eladio Dieste in 1960. This church complex showcases stunning brick architecture, featuring undulating outer walls and an inner spiral staircase. UNESCO recognizes it as an outstanding example of modern architecture in Latin America from the latter half of the 20th century.

22. Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex, Peru

The Chankillo Archaeoastronomical Complex, located in northern Peru, is the oldest known astronomical observatory in the Americas, built over 2,300 years ago. This remarkable site features 13 stone towers and two observation points, allowing ancient inhabitants to track the sun's movements throughout the year with an impressive accuracy of 1 to 2 days.

23. Ivindo National Park, Gabon

This National Park located on the equator in northern Gabon, spans 740,000 acres and is the country’s second UNESCO World Heritage Site, following Lope Park, which was inscribed in 2007. The park is renowned for its stunning waterfalls, rapids, and lush rainforests, serving as a habitat for diverse wildlife, including crocodiles, elephants, leopards, and gorillas.

24. Frescoes of Padua, Italy

The Frescoes of Padua in Italy, dating back to the 14th century, have been recognized by UNESCO for their artistic significance. This collection comprises eight religious and secular buildings featuring fresco cycles created between 1302 and 1397. These frescoes showcase the evolution of fresco art as a vital form of creative expression during that period.

25. Bagan, Myanmar

Bagan, the ancient capital of the Burmese empire, is often compared to Angkor Wat but attracts far fewer tourists. This UNESCO World Heritage Site is home to numerous 13th- and 15th-century Buddhist temples, monasteries, and stupas, reflecting the glory of the Bagan empire. For breathtaking views, visitors can take a hot air balloon ride at sunrise. For a more serene experience, the nearby Kyaukgu Umin monument offers stunning architecture and tranquility away from the crowds.

Conclusion

The UNESCO listed sites represent the rich tapestry of human history, culture, and natural beauty found across the globe. These locations serve as essential reminders of our shared heritage and the need for ongoing conservation efforts. Their protection ensures that future generations can continue to appreciate and learn from these remarkable treasures.

Also explore: Kozhikode - UNESCO's First City of Literature in India