Indian Real Estate

Standard measurement units in India


03, December 2025

Imagine that there are no standard units for measurements. Questions such as how to measure a particular length or the amount of quantity, or how to quantify a certain amount would constantly keep arising. There would be no uniformity confusion while conveying a particular amount of quantity. People would not be able to make comparisons or convey the right amount.

To avoid this, certain measurements are recognized worldwide to avoid confusion and create a more strong base concerning measurement. These measurements are also needed to make sure that our judgments and measurements are more reliable and that our results can be held accountable.

What are standard measurement units?

Standard measurement units refer to a unit of measurement that consists of a fixed value that does not change with respect to people or any geographical location. The standard measurement of units provides a certain kind of standard unit that is commonly referred to by people and can act as a reference unit for better understanding. To create a convenient situation for everybody, a standard measurement unit should be kept in place and should be the same for everyone. Thus, these units ensure reliability, accuracy, and uniformity.

What are some of the standard measurement units used?

Understanding what standard measurement units are is essential because they help quantify even the simplest of things. Upon understanding what standard measurement units are, it is equally essential to know some of these units. For instance, it should occur to you that in order to measure the length of a pencil or a piece of paper, can be done so with the help of a ruler using the standard measuring unit of centimeters. Similarly, to measure water or milk, the unit used would be liters, and the standard measurement of the unit for a bag of sugar or grains or most of the vegetables would be kilograms.

These units of measurement have a certain magnitude of the quantity that is defined and considered as a rule or even the law for standard measurement units across the world. Standard measurement units have a few categories - weight, distance, capacity (volume), and time. Some more examples of standard measurement units that come under the categories mentioned above are millimeters, meters, kilometers, yards, inches, miles, pounds, ounces, tonnes, gallons, pints, seconds, minutes, weeks, etc.

What are land measurement tables?

After understanding what standard measurement units are, there is yet another form of measurement that is known as the land measurement tables or land measurement units. Depending upon each state, there are a few units or terms that are used to measure the land property. This is to better understand when there is a contract or offer made between the buyer and the seller. However, though there are several terminologies used for land measurement tables, it is always best to be aware of some of these land measurement tables.

What are some of the common land measurement units used in India?

As mentioned previously, each state consists of its units within the nation as far as land measurement units are considered. Acres, Square meters, hectares, and square yards are some of India's most common land measurement units. Local words are also used as recognizable units in different parts of India.

For instance, Marla and Bigha are the units that are commonly used in the northern parts of India, and words or terminologies such as Guntha, Ground, and Cent are used in the southern parts of India. These are not standardized measurements, thus just like the names, the sizes of these measuring units also vary. Some more units used in the north of India are Biswa, Biswansi, Killa, Ghumaon, and Kanal, while Kuncham and Ankanam are used in the South. Chatak, Kattha, Lecha, and Dhur are some of the units used in India's eastern regions, and Bigha, Biswa, and Kattha are again used in the western parts.

Land Measurement Units in India

Let's look at these common land measurement units in India:

1. Bigha:

As mentioned earlier, Bigha is the most common Standard Measurement Unit in India. However, the value of a Bigha also changes across states like:

Unit

State

Conversion(sq. ft.)

1 Bigha

Madhya Pradesh

12000

Himachal Pradesh

8712

Assam

14400

Uttar Pradesh

27000

Rajasthan

27255

GR Sitara - Hosa Road Bangalore

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2. Kattha:

Kattha is followed in Assam, Bihar, and West Bengal. If square feet are taken as a standard, then 1 Kattha is equal to 719 sqft.

1 Kattha = 719 sq. ft.

3. Lecha:

A Lecha is an Assamese measurement unit that is equal to 144 sqft.

1 Lecha = 144 sq. ft.

4. Gaj:

Gaj is equal to 9 sqft and is used majorly in Delhi, Punjab & Haryana.

1 Gaj = 9 sq. ft.

5. Biswa:

Biswa is yet another popular measurement used in India, especially in states like UP, Uttarakhand, Punjab, Haryana, and Himachal Pradesh. It roughly equates to around 1350 sq ft.

1 Biswa = 1350 sq. ft.

6. Kanal:

A Kanal is used in Punjab, Himachal Pradesh, Haryana, and also in Jammu & Kashmir. The size equates to 5,445 sq ft.

1 Kanal = 5445 sq. ft.

7. Anakanam:

Anakanam equates to 72 sq ft and is used in Andhra Pradesh, Telangana, and Karnataka.

1 Anakanam = 72 sq. ft.

8. Cent:

A cent is majorly used in Kerala as a standard measurement unit and is also used in some parts of Tamil Nadu and Karnataka. It is equal to around 435.6 sqft.

1 Cent = 435.6 sq. ft.

9. Ground:

The ground is one of the major standard measurement units used in Tamil Nadu, and it equates to 2400 sq ft.

1 Ground = 2400 sq. ft.

10. Dhur:

Dhur is used in Bihar, Jharkhand, Uttar Pradesh, and Tripura. It is equal to 68 sqft.

1 Dhur = 68 sq. ft.

What is the difference between standard measurement units and land measurement tables?

While both measuring units serve a common purpose, which is to make it convenient and easy to understand when measuring quantities of certain products, both measuring units have different approaches. Both the measuring units take care of the main issue of how to measure and quantify; however, while the SI units are standardized across the world, land measurements not only differ from country to country but also from state to state. Thus, the main difference between the units is standardization and terminologies. Another difference between the two is that the sizes of these measuring units also differ. While standard measurement units have a fixed value, the land measurement tables do not.

How to Measure Land Area?

A residential project layout will contain all the provisions such as the outdoor amenities, that involve road, stormwater drain system, park area, and so on. The balance of the remaining area is used for residential living, thus called the residential plots. The size and number of the plots will be appropriately mentioned in the project layout sketch.

The area of the plot will be provided in the measurement unit of Square Feet(sq. ft.), even though it will be shown in the sketches in the units of hectors or acres. You will be requiring the correct length and width of the plot in order to measure the land area of the plot.

Conclusion:

Despite the differences mentioned above, both forms of measurement serve a purpose. Measurements are quite essential, and they serve day-to-day purposes making life relatively easier.

Almost every single thing requires measurement, whether we realize it or not - for instance, taking the right amount of medicine (if and when needed), being able to cook properly while purchasing shopping for clothes, while playing sports, when you are keeping track of your weight, for transportation, to tell time correctly, to adjust temperature and so much more. When we put some thought into this, we truly realize how we take measurements for granted.

"Land is the only thing in the world that amounts to anything, for it's the only thing in this world that lasts. It's the only thing worth working for, worth fighting for." - Margaret Mitchell

They play the most basic but most essential role in our lives. Both standard measurement units and land measurement tables play an essential role in our lives.

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